Fay, L., Shi, X., Venner, M., Strecker, E. 2014. Toxicological Effects of Chloride-Based Deicers in the Natural Environment. AASHTO Standing Committee on the Environment.

Analysis, Best management practice, Literature review, Maintenance, Management, Municipal concerns, Road salt, Water quality, Meta-analysis, Methods, BMPs, Aquatic ecosystems, Biology, Chloride, De-icing, Anti-icing, Winter maintenance

This report was prepared by the Western Transportation Institute at Montana State University for the Association of American State Highway and Transportation officials (AASHTO) Standing Committee on the Environment. This literature review evaluates the toxicological impacts of chloride-based winter maintenance materials on waters, soils, vegetation, and wildlife. It also contains an overview of federal and state regulations and both field and laboratory test methods. It also contains a set of guidelines for chloride best practices that can be adapted to fit the specific needs of a winter maintenance provider.