Walsh, C.J., Roy, A.H., Feminella, J.W, Cottingham, P.D., Groffman, P.M., Morgan, R.P. 2005. The urban stream syndrome: current knowledge and the search for a cure. Journal of the North American Benthological Society. Society for Freshwater Science, Erie, PA. Volume 24, Number 3. Pages 706-723

biological, hydrology, nutrients, sediment, stream, urban, water quality, Ecosystem

The term “urban stream syndrome” describes the consistently observed ecological degradation of streams draining urban land. This paper reviews recent literature to describe symptoms of the syndrome, explores mechanisms driving the syndrome, and identifies appropriate goals and methods for ecological restoration of urban streams.