Kaushal, S., Groffman, P., Likens, G., Belt, K., Stack, W., Kelly,V. 2005. Increased Salinization of Fresh Water in the Northeastern United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. National Academy of Sciences, Frostburg, MD.

baseflow, chemistry, impervious, pollutant, stream

This study found chloride concentrations of up to 25% of the concentration of seawater in streams of Maryland, New York, and New Hampshire during winters and chloride concentrations remaining up to 100 times greater than unimpacted forest streams during summers.