Goodwin, K. D., Schriewer, A., Jirik, A., Curtis, K., Crumpacker, A. 2017. Consideration of Natural Sources in a Bacteria TMDL: Lines of Evidence, Including Beach Microbial Source Tracking. Environmental Science & Technology. American Chemical Society. 51. 7775-7784

Analysis, Bacteria, Beach, Human health, Management, Ocean, Sewage, Tracking, Water quality, Sources, Wildlife, Fecal indicator bacteria, FIB

This study monitored bacteria at Cabrillo Beach (California, U.S.) for three years in order to determine the natural and anthropogenic sources of fecal indicator bacteria after the area did not meet its TMDL goals despite attempted management. The results indicated that gulls substantially contributed to the exceedence of the TMDL goals.