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Abstract

 

This article in JEQ

  1. Vol. 45 No. 1, p. 315-322
     
    Received: June 26, 2015
    Accepted: Oct 01, 2015
    Published: January 4, 2016


    * Corresponding author(s): nfahrenf@rutgers.edu
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doi:10.2134/jeq2015.06.0312

Fecal Sterol and Runoff Analysis for Nonpoint Source Tracking

  1. N. L. Fahrenfeld *a,
  2. N. Del Monacoa,
  3. J. T. Coatesb and
  4. A. W. Elzermanb

+ Author Affiliations

Core Ideas:
  • Fecal sterols indicate nonpoint-source human fecal contamination in watershed.
  • Different sterol ratios applied for identification of human fecal pollution vary in sensitivity.
  • No correlation observed between urban runoff and human fecal sterol signatures.

Abstract

Fecal pollution source identification is needed to quantify risk, target installation of source controls, and assess performance of best management practices in impaired surface waters. Sterol analysis is a chemical method for fecal source tracking that allows for differentiation between several fecal pollution sources. The objectives of this study were to use these chemical tracers for quantifying human fecal inputs in a mixed-land-use watershed without point sources of pollution and to determine the relationship between land use and sterol ratios. Fecal sterol analysis was performed on bed and suspended sediment from impaired streams. Human fecal signatures were found at sites with sewer overflow and septic inputs. Different sterol ratios used to indicate human fecal pollution varied in their sensitivity. Next, geospatial data was used to determine the runoff volumes associated with each land-use category in the watersheds. Fecal sterol ratios were compared between sampling locations and correlations were tested between ratio values and percentage of runoff for a given land-use category. Correlation was not observed between percentage of runoff from developed land and any of the five tested human-indicating sterol ratios in streambed sediments, confirming that human fecal inputs were not evenly distributed across the urban landscape. Several practical considerations for adopting this chemical method for microbial source tracking in small watersheds are discussed. Results indicate that sterol analysis is useful for identifying the location of human fecal nonpoint-source inputs.

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Copyright © 2016. Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.

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